For example, both Taco Bell and White Castle are promoting plant-based options.

Beyond highly processed junk food, another trap some vegans fall into is ignoring the need to supplement intelligently.

When animal products are eaten, B12 is ingested as a bystander.

Joel Kahn, M.D.

When we wash our produce, we wash off the B12-rich bacteria.

Bysome estimates, 50 percent of vegans and 10 percent of vegetarians are deficient in vitamin B12.

There is no known risk to taking larger amounts of B12.

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Vitamin D3 is the form most commonly recommended but is usually derived from animal sources such as lanolin.

Omega-3s:

I can check blood levels for lowomega-3in my clinic and deficiencies are common regardless of diet.

Overall, go easy or skip oils for cooking.

Joel Kahn, M.D.

Finally, adding whole foods rich in ALA, the precursor to EPA and DHA, is encouraged.

L-carnitine is found mainly in meat (thinkcarne) and vegetarians have lower levels of L-carnitine in their muscles.

There are rare reports of heart disease in patients lacking this amino acid.

Taurine is important for proper functioning of cardiac immune systems, insulin action, hearing, and electrolyte balance.

It is typically found in meat and seafood.

Vegans can have low levels of taurine.

Supplementation with 500 mg a day is an option.

It is difficult to find in plant foods.

Dr. Joel Kahnis the founder of theKahn Center for Cardiac Longevity.

He is owner ofGreenSpace Cafein Ferndale, Michigan.